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Report   Relative  To  Th 

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HOUSE 


No.  485 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


BoAED  OF  Education 


RELATIVE  TO  THE 


Establishment  of  a  State  Uotveesitt. 


January,    1915. 


BOSTON: 
WRIGHT  &  POTTER  PRINTING  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS, 

32  DERNE  STREET. 
1915. 


37  t 


Cfie  Commontoealt!)  of  ^a0satf)usetts* 


REPORT  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  RELA- 
TIVE TO  CHAPTER  105  OF  THE  RESOLVES  OF 
THE  YEAR  1914  ON  THE  PROPOSED  ESTABLISH- 
MENT OF  A  STATE  UNIVERSITY  TO  PROVIDE 
FREE  INSTRUCTION  TO  PERSONS  REGULARLY 
IN  ATTENDANCE,  AND  TO  PERSONS  WITHIN 
THE  STATE  NOT  IN  ATTENDANCE,  AND  ON 
OTHER  MEANS  OF  PROMOTING  HIGHER  EDU- 
CATION. 


Introduction. 
To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

The  Board  of  Education  respectfully  submits  herewith,  in 
accordance  with  chapter  105  of  the  Resolves  of  the  year  1914, 
a  report  on  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  State  university 
to  provide  free  instruction  to  persons  in  regular  attendance,  and, 
through  correspondence  or  otherwise,  to  persons  resident  in  the 
State  not  in  personal  attendance.  There  is  included,  also,  in 
accordance  with  the  resolve,  suggestions  as  to  a  plan  for  the 
self-support  of  persons  in  regular  attendance  at  such  university. 
Finally,  the  Board  includes  a  series  of  observations  and  recom- 
mendations relevant  to  the  establishment  of  a  State  university 
and  to  other  means  of  promoting  higher  education. 

The  resolve  is  as  follows:  — 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  education  be  requested  to  report  to  the 
next  general  court,  on  or  before  the  second  Wednesday  in  Januar}^,  a 
bill  embod3dng  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  state  university,  to 
provide  instruction  with  free  tuition  and  books  to :  — 

a.  Persons  properly  entered  and  in  regular  attendance  at  the  uni- 
versity; and  as  to  such  persons  the  board  is  requested  to  report  plans 
for  their  self-support  during  attendance. 


4  STATE   UNWERSITY.  [Jan. 

b.  Persons  within  the  state,  not  in  personal  attendance  at  the  uni- 
versity, but  who  may  be  reached  by  correspondence  or  otherwise. 

The  board  of  education  is  further  requested  to  submit  such  recommen- 
dations and  statements  relevant  to  the  estabKshment  of  a  state  university 
and  to  other  means  of  promoting  higher  education  as,  in  its  judgment, 
should  be  placed  before  the  general  court. 

In  compliance  with  the  above  resolve  this  report  contains  the 
following  material :  — 

A  form  of  proposed  act  establishing  a  State  university  as  in- 
dicated in  the  resolve,  including  provisions  for  free  instruction, 
within  w^hich  correspondence  and  extension  courses  for  persons 
within  the  State  but  not  in  attendance  may  be  organized. 

A  review  of  the  arguments  commonly  offered  in  favor  of  the 
establishment  of  a  State  universitv  in  Massachusetts. 

A  review  of  the  arguments  commonly  offered  in  opposition  to 
such  proposal. 

Brief  discussions  of  certain  proposed  substitutes  for  a  State 
university,  as :  — 

(a)  State  scholarships  in  existing  institutions. 

(6)  Organization  of  extension  and  correspondence  courses, 
through  the  co-operation  of  existing  higher  institutions  of  learn- 
ing. 

(c)  An  organization  to  promote  co-operation  between  exist- 
ing institutions  and  State  and  municipal  departments  needing 
expert  assistance. 

Statistical  tables  dealing  with  the  number,  resources,  teaching 
force  and  student  enrolment  of  higher  institutions  of  learning  in 
Massachusetts,  and  of  the  principal  State  universities  are  pre- 
sented in  the  appendix. 


Proposed  Act. 

An  Act  establishing  the  University  of  Massachusetts. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  as  follows: 

Section  1.  There  is  hereby  established  in  the  common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts,  within  the  metropolitan  district  of 
Boston,  an  institution  of  learning  by  the  name  and  style  cf 
the  ''Universitv  of  Massachusetts." 


1915.]  HOUSE  — Xo.  485.  5 

Section  2.  The  government  of  the- University  of  Massachu- 
setts shall  be  vested  in  a  board  of  regents,  to  consist  of  seven 
members  chosen  from  the  state  at  large,  which  board  the  gov- 
ernor shall  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
council.  The  terms  of  olfice  of  said  regents  shall  be  seven  years 
from  the  first  day  of  July  in  the  year  in  which  the  appointment 
is  made,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  following  section. 

Section  3.  At  the  first  regular  meeting  of  said  board  of 
regents  the  said  members  shall  determine,  by  lot,  so  that  one 
member  shall  serve  for  one  year,  one  member  for  two  years,  one 
member  for  three  years,  one  member  for  four  years,  one  member 
for  five  years,  one  member  for  six  years,  and  one  member  for 
seven  years. 

Section  4.  The  board  of  regents  and  their  successors  in 
office  shall  constitute  a  body  corporate,  by  the  name  of  "The 
Regents  of  the  University  of  Massachusetts",  and  shall  possess 
all  the  powers  necessary  or  convenient  to  accomplish  the  objects 
and  perform  the  duties  described  by  law,  and  shall  have  the 
custody  of  the  books,  records,  buildings  and  other  property  of 
said  University  of  Massachusetts.  The  board  shall  elect  a 
president,  secretary  and  treasurer,  who  shall  perform  such  duties 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  by-laws  of  the  board.  The  secre- 
tary shall  keep  a  faithful  record  of  all  the  transactions  of  the 
board.  The  treasurer  shall  perform  all  the  duties  of  such  office, 
subject  to  such  regulations  as  the  board  may  adopt,  and  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  all  his  duties  shall  execute  a  bond  in  such 
sum  as  the  auditor  of  the  commonwealth  mav  direct. 

Section  5.  The  time  of  the  election  of  the  president,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  said  board,  and  the  duration  of  their 
respective  terms  of  office,  and  the  times  for  holding  the  regular 
annual  meeting  and  such  other  meetings  as  may  be  required, 
and  the  manner  of  notifying  the  same,  shall  be  determined  by 
the  by-laws  of  the  board.  A  majority  of  the  board  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  but  a  less 
number  may  adjourn  from  time  to  time. 

Section  6.  The  board  of  regents  shall  enact  laws  for  the 
government  of  the  university  in  all  its  branches,  elect  the 
requisite  number  of  professors,  instructors,  officers  and  em- 
ployees,  and  fix  the  salaries  and  the  term  of  office  of  each, 


6  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

and  determine  the  moral,  physical  and  educational  qualifica- 
tions of  applicants  for  admission  to  the  various  courses  of  in- 
struction; but  no  instruction  either  sectarian  in  religion  or 
partisan  in  politics  shall  ever  be  allowed  in  any  department 
of  the  university,  and  no  sectarian  or  partisan  test  shall  ever 
be  allowed  or  exercised  in  the  appointment  of  regents  or  in 
the  election  of  professors,  teachers  or  other  officers  of  the  uni- 
versitv,  or  in  the  admission  of  students  thereto,  or  for  anv 
purpose  whatever.  The  board  of  regents  shall  have  the  power 
to  remove  the  president  or  any  professor,  instructor  or  officer 
of  the  university,  when,  in  their  judgment,  the  interests  of  the 
university  require  it.  The  board  may  prescribe  rules  and  regu- 
lations for  the  management  of  the  libraries,  museums,  labora- 
tories and  all  other  property  of  the  university  and  of  its  several 
departments,  and  for  the  care  and  preservation  thereof,  with 
penalties  and  forfeitures,  by  way  of  damages,  for  their  violation, 
which  mav  be  sued  for  and  collected  in  the  name  of  the  board 
before  any  court  having  jurisdiction  of  such  action. 

Section  7.  On  or  before  October  first  of  each  year  the 
regents,  through  their  president,  shall  submit  to  the  state  board 
of  education,  for  transmission  to  the  governor,  a  report  for  the 
year  ending  on  the  preceding  thirtieth  day  of  June.  This  report 
shall  exhibit  in  detail  the  progress,  conditions  and  wants  of  the 
university,  the  courses  of  study  which  have  been  offered,  the 
number  of  professors  and  students,  the  amount  of  receipts  and 
disbursements,  together  with  the  net  costs  and  results  of  all  the 
important  investigations  and  experiments,  and  such  other  in- 
formation as  they  may  deem  important  or  the  board  of  edu- 
cation may  require.  This  report  shall  include  all  estimates 
which  the  regents  intend  to  submit  to  the  auditor  of  the  com- 
monwealth for  transmission  to  the  legislature. 

Section  8.  The  board  of  education  shall  transmit  the  report 
described  in  section  seven  of  this  act  to  the  governor  not  later 
than  December  first  of  each  year,  and  shall  accompany  such 
report  with  such  comments,  suggestions  and  recommendations 
as  it  may  deem  important. 

Section  9.  The  president  of  the  university  shall  be  the 
president  of  the  faculty  or  of  the  several  faculties  as  they  may 
be   hereafter   established,   and   the   executive   head   of  the   in- 


1915.]  HOUSE  — No.  485.  7 

structional  force  in  all  its  departments;  as  such  he  shall  have 
authority,  subject  to  the  board  of  regents,  to  nominate  all 
instructors  to  the  board  of  regents,  to  make  such  recommenda- 
tions as  he  may  deem  advisable  for  the  proper  conduct  and 
development  of  the  university,  and  to  give  general  direction  to 
the  instruction  and  scientific  investigations  of  the  university. 
The  immediate  government  of  the  university  shall  be  entrusted 
to  the  faculty,  but  the  regents  shall  have  the  power  to  regulate 
and  approve  courses  of  instruction,  to  confer  such  degrees  and 
grant  such  diplomas  as  are  customarily  conferred  in  universities, 
and  to  confer  upon  the  faculty  through  by-laws  the  power  to 
suspend  or  expel  students  for  misconduct  or  other  sufficient 
cause  described  by  such  by-laws. 

Section  10.  The  object  of  the  University  of  Massachusetts 
shall  be  to  provide,  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  commonwealth 
and  such  others  as  the  board  of  regents  may  from  time  to  time 
admit  in  accordance  with  provisions  to  be  established  in  their 
by-laws,  means  and  opportunities  for  obtaining  general  and 
professional  education  supplemental  and  additional  to  that 
which  is  now  provided  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  commonwealth 
by  schools  and  colleges  supported  in  whole  or  in  part  by 
revenues  derived  from  taxation.  Provision  shall  be  made  by 
the  regents  for  the  organization  and  support  of  correspondence 
and  other  extension  courses,  as  they  may  deem  necessary. 

Section  11.  The  university  shall  be  open  to  female  as  well 
as  male  students,  under  such  regulations  as  the  board  of  re- 
gents may  deem  proper. 

Section  12.  No  student  who  shall  have  been  a  resident  of 
the  commonwealth  for  one  year  next  preceding  his  admission 
shall  be  required  to  pay  any  fees  for  tuition  in  the  university, 
except  in  professional  departments.  The  regents  may  prescribe 
rates  of  tuition  for  students  in  professional  departments,  and 
fees  for  the  use  of  apparatus  and  equipment.  The  regents  may 
also  establish  suitable  tuition  rates  for  students  who  are  not 
residents  of  Massachusetts.  The  regents  shall  establish,  in.  con- 
nection with  the  university,  an  employment  bureau  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  graduates  of  the  university  to  find  suitable 
positions,  and  to  assist  students,  during  the  period  of  their 
attendance,  in  finding  needed  remunerative  employment. 


8  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

Section  13.  The  board  of  regents  provided  for  in  this  act 
shall  be  appointed  within  ninety  days  after  this  act  becomes 
law. 

Section  14.  The  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  is 
hereby  appropriated  from  moneys  in  the  treasury  of  the  com- 
monwealth and  not  otherwise  appropriated,  which  money  may, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Education,  be  expended  for 
the  following  purposes,  to  wit :  — 

First.  —  The  payment  of  the  salaries  of  the  president  and 
other  officers  of  administration  and  instruction,  and  such  other 
expenses  as  may  be  necessary  until  further  appropriations  for 
these  purposes  shall  have  been  made. 

Second.  —  The  purchase  of  a  site  or  grounds  for  said  Uni- 
versity of  Massachusetts,  said  location  to  consist  of  not  less 
than  three  hundred  acres  located  at  a  distance  of  not  more  than 
thirty  miles  from  the  state  house  of  the  commomvealth. 

Third.  — To  advertise  for  and  obtain  plans  and  specifications 
for  university  buildings,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the 
board  may  impose. 

Fourth.  —  For  the  payment  of  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
said  board  in  connection  with  the  purchase  of  a  site  and  the 
erection  of  a  university  building  thereon. 

Section  15.  For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  the  board  of  regents  may,  in  the  name  and  on  be- 
half of  the  commonwealth,  from  time  to  time,  take  or  acquire 
by  purchase  or  otherwise  such  lands,  buildings  and  rights  in 
land  as  in  its  opinion  may  be  necessary  to  accomplish  the  pur- 
poses of  this  act.  In  the  event  of  the  taking  of  any  lands,  build- 
ings or  rights  in  land  by  said  board  of  regents,  the  board  shall 
file  in  the  proper  registry  of  deeds  a  description  thereof,  suffi- 
ciently accurate  for  identification,  with  a  statement  signed  by 
the  board,  or  by  a  majority  thereof,  that  the  same  are  taken 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of 
the  commonwealth;  and  the  said  act  and  time  of  filing  shall 
be  deemed  to  be  the  act  and  time  of  the  taking  of  such  lands, 
buildings  or  rights  in  land  and  shall  be  sufficient  notice  to  all 
persons  that  the  same  have  so  been  taken.  The  title  to  the 
lands,  buildings  and  rights  in  land  so  taken  shall  vest  in  the 
commonwealth   and   its   assigns   forever.     The    commonwealth 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  9 

shall  pay  all  damages  sustained  by  any  person  by  reason  of  any 
taking  under  authority  of  this  act.  Said  board  shall  estimate 
the  damages  for  such  taking  and  submit  the  estimate  to  the 
governor  and  council  for  approval,  and  may,  with  the  approval 
of  the  governor  and  council,  agree  with  any  such  person  upon 
the  damages  to  be  paid  for  such  taking.  If  said  damages  can- 
not so  be  agreed  upon,  such  person  may,  within  two  years  after 
the  taking,  file  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  superior  court  for  the 
county  or  counties  wherein  said  lands  shall  be  taken  a  petition 
for  the  determination  of  the  damages,  and  thereupon  the  court 
shall  appoint  a  commission  consisting  of  three  disinterested  per- 
sons to  whom  the  petition  shall  be  referred,  and  who  shall  de- 
termine the  damages  and  report  thereon  to  ,the  court.  Said 
board  shall,  upon  approval  of  the  governor  and  council  of  its 
estimates  of  damages,  or  upon  the  filing  of  any  determination 
made  by  a  commission  as  aforesaid,  offer,  in  behalf  of  the 
commonwealth,  to  pay  the  person  sustaining  the  damages  the' 
amount  so  estimated  or  determined;  and  if  such  person  shall, 
in  accordance  Vvdth  such  notice  and  within  one  year  after  being 
so  notified,  deliver  a  satisfactory  release  of  the  damages  to  the 
board,  the  board  shall  certifv  to  the  treasurer  of  the  common- 
wealth  the  amount  to  be  paid  to  such  person,  and  the  treasurer 
shall  pay  the  same.  Said  board  or  any  person  whose  property 
is  taken  under  the  right  of  eminent  domain,  if  dissatisfied  with 
any  determination  of  damages  made  by  any  commission,  may, 
within  one  year  after  the  tim.e  when  such  determination  is  filed 
in  court,  file  in  said  court  a  claim  for  a  trial  by  jury  to  deter- 
mine the  damages,  and  thereupon  the  damages  shall  be  deter- 
mined by  a  jury  in  said  court  in  the  same  manner  as  if  the 
petition  had  come  before  a  jury  for  its  determination  of  damages 
in  the  first  instance.  The  commissioners  shall  receive  such 
compensation  as  may  be  determined  by  the  court.  If,  upon 
hearing  by  the  commissioners  or  upon  trial,  damages  are  in- 
creased beyond  the  amount  which  the  commonwealth  offered 
to  pay  therefor  prior  to  the  appointment  of  the  commission  or 
to  the  trial,  as  the  case  may  be,  the  person  sustaining  damage 
by  reason  of  the  taking  shall  recover  costs;  otherwise  the  per- 
son shall  pay  costs,  and  costs  shall  be  taxed  as  in  civil  cases. 
Section  16.     Commencing  with  the  fiscal  year  nineteen  hun- 


10  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

dred  and  fifteen  there  shall  be  levied  and  collected  annually  a 
state  tax  of  one  tenth  of  one  mill  on  each  dollar  on  the  assessed 
valuation  of  the  towns  and  cities  of  the  commonwealth,  which 
amount,  when  so  levied  and  collected,  shall  be  appropriated  for 
the  use  of  the  University  of  JNIassachusetts,  to  remain  in  the 
treasury  of  the  commonwealth  subject  to  the  order  of  the  board 
of  regents. 

Section  17.  The  regents  shall  receive  the  actual  amount  of 
their  expenses  in  traveling  to  and  from,  and  in  attendance  upon, 
all  meetings  of  the  board,  or  incurred  in  the  performance  of  any 
duty  in  pursuance  of  the  direction  of  the  board,  the  accounts  of 
such  expenses  to  be  duly  audited  in  the  same  manner  as  other 
expenditures  on  behalf  of  the  commonwealth. 

Section  18.  This  act  shall  take  effect  on,  and  be  enforced 
from  and  after,  its  passage. 

Analysis  of  Provisions  of  Proposed  Act. 

Section  1.  —  (a)  The  logical  name  of  the  proposed  university 
would  be  "  University  of  Massachusetts." 

(b)  A  State  university  should  be  so  located  as,  on  the  one 
hand,  most  effectively  to  serve  the  largest  possible  number  of 
residents  in  the  Commonwealth,  and,  on  the  other,  to  enable 
the  State  to  purchase  adequate  land  for  its  use  for  a  moderate 
price.     It  should,  therefore,  be  so  located  — 

(1)  As  to  be  at  or  near  a  center  of  railway  transportation. 

(2)  As  to  be  accessible  to  a  large  number  of  day  students 
living  at  home. 

(3)  As  to  pro\4de,  in  the  neighborhood,  facilities  for  private 
board  and  room  for  students  not  living  at  home. 

(4)  As  to  be  not  too  remote  from  other  institutions  of  higher 
learning. 

(5)  As  to  be  reasonably  accessible  to  commercial  and  in- 
dustrial establishments  where  students  may  obtain  remunerative 
employment. 

(G)  As  to  allow  for  the  purchase  of  land  at  a  reasonable 
price. 

(c)  The  so-called,  "metropolitan  district  of  Boston  (including 
40  towns  and  cities,  ranging  from  Swampscott  and  Wakefield  on 
the  north,  Lexington  and  Waltham  on  the  west,  ^Yellesley  and 


1915.]  HOUSE  — Xo.  485.     ■  11 

Dover  on  the  southwest,  to  Cohasset  and  Canton  on  the 
south)  is  beheved  to  constitute  the  proper  area  within  which  the 
university  should  be  located.  In  another  section  it  is  provided 
that  the  university  shall  be  located  within  thirty  miles  of  the 
State  House.  Within  the  general  limits  herein  set  forth,  the 
regents  should  have  unrestricted  authority  to  buy  the  necessary 
land  and  locate  the  university  as  they  see  fit.  A  provision 
might  be  introduced,  if  thought  necessary,  that  the  location  and 
the  price  of  the  land  should  have  the  approval  of  the  Governor 
and  Council. 

Sections  2,  3  and  Jj..  —  (a)  It  is  customary  now,  in  State 
universities,  to  style  the  governing  board  "The  Board  of 
Regents." 

(5)  The  Board  of  Regents  should  obviously  constitute  a  body 
corporate,  with  large  powers. 

(c)  It  is  the  general  belief  of  persons  who  have  studied  the 
organization  of  State  institutions  that  a  small,  compact  board 
will  render  better  service  than  a  large  board.  Hence,  provision 
is  made  for  a  board  of  seven  regents. 

{d)  Experience  generally  favors  the  plan  of  having  regents 
appointed  by  the  Governor.  Their  terms  of  office  should  be  so 
arranged  that  one  vacancy  shall  occur  each  year.  A  long  term 
of  ofiice  is  highly  desirable,  as  it  takes  a  person  two  or  three 
years  to  familiarize  himself  with  the  demands  of  the  position. 

{e)  The  powers  and  duties  of  the  Board  of  Regents  should  be 
broadly  defined,  so  as  to  give  them  large  authority  in  realizing 
the  ends  for  which  the  university  exists.  Specific  methods  of 
operation  on  the  part  of  the  Board  should  be  defined  in  by- 
laws of  their  own  making. 

(/)  A  restrictive  provision  as  to  sectarian  or  political  activi- 
ties is  desirable. 

Sections  7  and  8.  —  (a)  It  is  customary  for  State  boards  to 
make  annual  reports  to  the  Governor  and  to  the  Legislature. 

(6)  It  is  desirable  that  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Regents 
should  be  prepared  on  the  basis  of  a  college  or  school  year, 
commencing  July  1  and  terminating  June  30.  It  is  also  de- 
sirable that  this  should  be  the  fiscal  vear  of  the  universitv. 
This  arrangement  gives  the  regents  ample  time  in  which  to 
prepare  their  report  for  submission  to  the  Board  of  Education, 


12  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  ^  [Jan. 

and  provides,  also,  that  the  Board  of  Education  shall  have 
time  carefully  to  examine  the  report  before  transmitting  it  to 
the  Governor  and  to  the  Legislature. 

(c)  The  proposal  that  the  Board  of  Education  shall  receive 
the  report  of  the  Board  of  Regents  and  transmit  it  to  the 
Legislature,  with  such  comments,  suggestions  and  recommenda- 
tions as  it  sees  fit,  is  an  innovation.  The  Board  of  Education 
is  the  only  agency  in  the  Commonwealth  charged  with  certain 
responsibilities  for  co-ordinating  various  forms  of  education 
carried  on  by  the  aid  of  public  rcA^enues,  It  is  highly  desirable, 
therefore,  that  the  Board  of  Education  should  officiallv  be 
placed  in  a  position  to  communicate  with  the  Legislature  regard- 
ing the  recommendations,  estimates,  etc.,  of  the  Board  of 
Regents.  It  is  not  intended  that  the- Board  of  Education  shall 
in  any  way  alter  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Regents.  It  will 
only  add  its  own  comment  and  recommendations  thereto,  for 
the  information  of  the  Governor  and  Legislature.  In  this  way, 
it  is  believed,  greater  efficiency  will  result  on  the  part  of  the 
university,  and  it  will  be  more  practicable  to  require  the  uni- 
versity adequately  to  reinforce  the  various  forms  of  publicly 
supported  education  in  the  Commonwealth. 

Section  9.  —  It  is  desirable  that  the  organic  law  for  the  uni- 
versity shall  recognize  and  establish  certain  responsibilities  on 
the  part  of  the  president  and  faculty.  This  can  be  so  done  as 
greatly  to  lessen,  in  the  future,  the  possibilities  of  factional  and 
partisan  influences  both  within  the  universitv  facultv  and  in  the 
relation  of  the  governing  body  to  the  university. 

Section  10.  —  (a)  It  is  desirable  that  the  regents  shall  be 
given  large  authority,  ultimately,  in  determining  the  specific 
objects,  and  the  organization  of  means  and  methods  towards 
their  realization,  of  the  university.  No  attempt  is  therefore 
made  specifically  to  indicate  departments,  studies  or  professional 
schools  which  should  be  established. 

It  is  indirectly  provided,  however,  that  the  State  university 
shall  not  duplicate  work  now  being  done  in  institutions  sup- 
ported in  whole  or  in  part  by  public  taxation.  This  includes 
the  work  of  the  ordinary  public  elementary  and  high  schools. 
State  normal  schools,  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College, 
technical  institutions  that  are  now  or  mav  hereafter  be  aided 


1915.]  HOUSE  — No.  485.  13 

by  revenue  derived  from  taxation,  correctional  institutions, 
textile  schools,  the  nautical  school,  etc. 

(b)  It  is  expedient,  however,  that  the  regents  be  directed  to 
establish  correspondence  and  other  forms  of  extension  teach- 
ing, in  view  of  present  demands  in  Massachusetts. 

Section  11.  —  This  section  is  self-explanatory. 

Section  12.  —  This  section  is  also  self-explanatory.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  until  an  institution  of  the  kind  here  proposed  shall 
have  been  organized,  definite  plans  for  assisting  students  to- 
wards self  support  cannot  be  worked  out. 

Section  14-  —  In  order  to  give  effect  to  the  act  there  should 
be  provided  sufficient  money  to  enable  the  Board  of  Regents 
to  purchase  a  suitable  site  and  to  proceed  at  once  with  the 
erection  thereon  of  one  university  building.  It  is  suggested  that 
from  1500,000  to  $750,000  would  be  sufficient  for  this  purpose. 
From  $250,000  to  $300,000  might  be  expended  for  land,  and  the 
remainder  for  the  first  building. 

Section  16.  —  It  is  highly  desirable  that  an  institution  of  the 
sort  here  contemplated  should,  in  addition  to  special  appropria- 
tions made  from  time  to  time,  be  in  receipt  of  a  steady  income 
which  can  be  calculated  with  some  assurance  in  advance.  In 
no  other  way  is  it  practicable  to  insure  continuity  of  policy 
and  economic  procedure.  Following  the  precedents  of  many 
other  States,  it  is  suggested  that  a  tax  of  one  tenth  of  one  mill 
on  assessed  valuation  should  be  levied  annually  for  this  pur- 
pose. In  1913  the  assessed  valuation  of  Massachusetts  was 
about  $4,997,000,000.  A  tax  of  one  tenth  of  one  mill  would, 
therefore,  yield  approximately  $499,000,  which  m.ay  be  assumed 
to  be  the  minimum  revenue  upon  which  an  institution  of  the 
kind  here  contemplated,  which  is  not  permitted  to  charge  tui- 
tion fees  and  which,  it  is  assumed,  should  be  maintained  in 
accordance  with  standards  of  efficiency  not  inferior  to  those 
found  in  other  institutions  of  higher  education  in  Massachu- 
setts, could  be  financed. 


14  STATE   UNR^ERSITY.  [Jan. 

Review  of  Some  of  the  Reasons  commonly  urged  in  Favor 
OF  THE  Establishment  of  a  State  University  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

1.     The  Example  of  Other  States. 

Many  States  of  the  Union  maintain  universities  at  public 
expense.  Universities,  distinctively  under  public  control  and 
largely  supported  by  public  funds,  are  found  in  at  least  36 
States.^  These  institutions  include  usually  not  only  colleges 
of  liberal  arts  (or  of  arts,  letters  and  sciences,  as  they  are 
commonly  called),  but  also  provide  professional  instruction  by 
means  of  colleges  of  agriculture,  engineering,  law,  education, 
medicine,  dentistry  and  of  other  callings.  Tuition  is  free  in 
most  of  these  institutions,  while  in  a  few  there  are  tuition 
charges,  varying  from  SIO  to  S60  per  year. 

The  State  university,  when  rightly  organized  and  efficiently 
conducted,  is  in  many  States  now  regarded  as  the  capstone  of 
the  public  school  system  of  the  State.  It  can  exercise  a  strong 
and  helpful  influence  on  all  phases  of  popular  education.  It 
provides  professional  training  for  supervisors  and  administrators, 
and  for  persons  intending  to  teach  in  the  public  high  schools 
of  the  State.  By  admission  requirements  and  constructive  in- 
spection and  supervision,  a  State  university  can  exert  a  strong 
and  beneficent  influence  on  the  methods  of  instruction,  the  or- 
ganization and  equipment  of  the  public  secondary  schools,  and 
even  establish  standards  for  the  work  of  these  schools. 

In  certain  notable  instances  the  State  university  organizes, 
promotes  and  conducts  a  large  amount  of  extension  work  of 
both  general  and  professional  nature.  University  extension 
courses  consist  of  lectures,  instruction  by  correspondence  and 
class  exercises  at  certain  centers.  The  college  of  agriculture 
and  other  professional  schools  maintain  and  conduct  institutes 
and  short  courses  of  a  practical  nature. 

In  some  Commonwealths  the  State  university  maintains 
organized  co-operative  relations  with  State  and  municipal  ad- 
ministrative officers,  boards  and  commissions.  Members  of  the 
university  faculty  engage  in  solving  practical  problems  which 
call  for  research,  experimental  testing,  standardizing,  and  also 

1  See  Appendix,  page  40. 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  15 

investigation  of  work  accomplished  in  other  States,  and  the 
results  are  available  for  both  State  and  local  public  adminis- 
trative agencies.  Expert  advice  is  furnished  various  boards  and 
commissions. 

In  such  States  as  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  California,  Illinois 
and  Michigan,  the  influence  of  the  State  university  on  the  edu- 
cational, social  and  industrial  activities  of  these  States  has  been 
especially  marked. 

On  the  other  hand  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  in  each  of 
these  States  upwards  of  one  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars 
is  expended  annually  for  the  maintenance  of  the  State  univer- 
sity. 


2.     The  Need  of  Opportunities  for  Free  Collegiate  Education  in 

Massachusetts. 

Tuition  fees  in  Massachusetts  colleges  now  range  from  $50 
per  year  in  Clark  College,  and  $60  in  Holy  Cross  College,  to 
$150  per  year  in  Harvard,  $200  per  year  at  Radcliffe,  and  $250 
per  year  at  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  At  each 
of  these  institutions  a  certain  number  of  scholarships  are  avail- 
able, but  these  appear  to  be  inadequate  to  supply  the  demand 
for  such  assistance  made  by  persons  who  are  residents  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

,  Principals  of  high  schools  assert  that  each  year,  among  the 
abler  pupils,  a  considerable  number  of  high  school  graduates, 
able  and  disposed  to  profit  from  a  general  college  education, 
are  unable  to  procure  from  their  parents  the  funds  with  which 
to  secure  a  higher  education.  Some  of  these  young  persons,  of 
more  than  ordinary  energy  and  physical  strength,  do  indeed 
make  their  way  through  college  on  money  earned  through  out- 
side work.  Such  students  can  often  earn  enough  to  pay  for 
board  and  lodging,  but,  by  common  testimony,  attempts  to  earn 
in  addition  money  enough  to  pay  tuition  charges  are  beset  mth 
great  difficulties,  and  are  likely  to  result  in  physical  breakdown./ 
Massachusetts  has  an  unusually  large  proportion  of  young 
people  who  desire  a  higher  education.  The  high  schools  of  the 
State  have  an  average  membership  of  over  70,000.  The  annual 
number  of  graduates  is  in  excess  of  12,000,  and  of  these  many 


16  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

are  desirous  of  obtaining  some  general  education  beyond  the 
high  school.    / 

Furthermore,  one  or  more  years  of  general  college  education 
now  constitute  in  many  cases  a  necessary  preliminary  to  pro- 
fessional education,  especially  for  the  callings  of  medicine,  law 
and  theology.  In  time,  similar  requirements  will  also  be  made 
as  to  preparation  for  entrance  on  the  study  of  the  engineering 
profession. 

/  It  is  therefore  maintained  that  the  time  has  arrived  when 
Massachusetts  should,  on  the  ground  of  sound  public  policy, 
provide  free  facilities  for  college  study  for  young  men  and 
women  who  cannot  afford  such  education  at  existing  tuition 
rates.  Massachusetts  has  an  exceptionally  large  artisan  popu- 
lation, consisting  of  skilled  workers  earning  fair  wages  who  are 
in  some  cases  unable  to  provide  education  for  their  children 
beyond  high  school  because  of  the  demands  made  on  them  in 
supporting  their  other  children  and  in  providing  for  old  age/ 

It  is  probable  that  a  system  of  State  scholarships  could  be 
provided  to  serve  these  purposes.  A  proposal  to  this  end  is 
presented  later  in  this  report. 

It  is  important  to  note  in  this  connection  that  Massachusetts 
now  provides  on  a  generous  scale  facilities  for  certain  kinds  of 
professional  education.  A  free  agricultural  college  accommo- 
dates about  700  students.  The  State  maintains  three  textile 
schools,  in  two  of  which  (New  Bedford  and  Fall  River)  tuition 
rates  are  small.  A  free  nautical  school  for  the  training  of  sea- 
men is  maintained  bv  the  State.  In  return  for  State  aid  to  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Worcester  Poly- 
technic Institute,  a  total  of  120  scholarships  —  80  in  the  IMas- 
sachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  40  in  the  Worcester 
Polytechnic  Institute  —  are  offered  to  residents  of  the  State 
each  year.  In  the  State  normal  schools  of  Massachusetts 
courses  from  two  to  four  years  in  length  are  available  for  those 
who  seek  training  for  elementary  teaching.  These  schools  are 
now  attended  by  about  2,600  young  men  and  women,  nearly  all 
of  whom  are  residents  of  Massachusetts. 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  17 


3.     Need  of  Further  Development  of  Extension  Courses. 

It  is  held  that  in  recent  years  a  growing  need  has  appeared 
for  the  further  development  of  facilities  for  extension  instruction 
in  Massachusetts.  The  colleges  of  the  metropolitan  district 
around  Boston  now  are  co-operating  in  offering  valuable  ex- 
tension courses  to  residents  of  that  area.  The  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  College  also  conducts  a  number  of  extension  courses 
in  agriculture  throughout  the  State.  But  it  is  contended  that 
otherwise  there  is  a  lack  of  means  for  securing  education 
through  such  agencies  as  lectures,  institutes  and  correspon- 
dence courses  open  to  the  public.  The  higher  institutions  of 
learning  in  Massachusetts  are  now,  it  is  contended,  employing 
all  their  available  resources  in  maintaining,  with  the  exceptions 
noted  above,  the  courses  which  they  offer  within  their  own 
walls. 

A  State  university  could  indeed  offer  a  large  amount  of  ex- 
tension and  correspondence  instruction  at  a  number  of  centers 
throughout  the  State,  but  the  expense  of  good  courses  would 
be  large  in  any  event.  It  should  also  be  remembered  that  there 
is  as  yet  no  evidence  that  extension  or  correspondence  courses 
can  be  devised  which  will  prove  effective  as  means  for  under- 
graduate instruction  of  students  of  the  usual  college  age.  These 
courses  have  proven  of  value  chiefly  for  mature  men  and 
women. 

4'     The  Need  of  Organized  Co-operation  of  Higher  Institutions 
of  Learning  with  State  and  Municipal  Departments. 

It  is  contended  that  there  is  great  need  for  the  development 
in  Massachusetts  of  organized  procedure  and  of  agencies  whereby 
State  and  municipal  officers  and  boards  can  readily  obtain  tech- 
nical information  as  to  special  phases  of  the  work  in  which  they 
are  engaged,  and  also  avail  themselves  of  the  expert  advisory 
services  of  technical  and  scientific  specialists.  The  Massachu- 
setts Institute  of  Technology,  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col- 
lege and  the  State  textile  schools  now  provide  such  services  in 
a  measure,  but  there  appears  to  be  a  general  belief  that  the 
tenders,  on  the  one  hand,  as  well  as  the  uses  made,  on  the 


18  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

other,  of  such  service  are  apt  to  be  desultory,  ill-co-ordinated, 
and  as  a  result  comparatively  ineffective. 

In  view  of  the  experiences  of  other  States,  it  is  maintained 
that  the  most  effective  means  of  securing  such  organized  co- 
operation is  a  State  university,  the  graduate  and  professional 
departments  of  which  can  provide  expert  service,  advice  and 
information  for  State  and  municipal  authorities.  The  ex- 
perience of  other  States,  however,  shows  conclusively  that  only 
very  large  State  universities,  possessing  strong  professional  and 
graduate  departments,  are  capable  of  rendering  the  service  here 
contemplated  in  any  satisfactory  degree. 

5.     The  National  Character  of  Many  Massachusetts  Colleges. 

It  is  contended  that  while  Massachusetts  possesses  a  larger 
number  and  variety  of  institutions  of  higher  education  than 
any  other  State  in  the  Union  in  proportion  to  population, 
nevertheless,  many  of  these  (notably  Williams,  Amherst,  Welles- 
ley,  Smith,  Mount  Holyoke,  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology  and  Harvard  University)  should  be  regarded  as 
essentially  national  rather  than  local,  both  as  regards  the  geo- 
graphical distribution  of  their  students  and  graduates,  and  also 
the  fields  in  which  their  influence  is  exerted.  When  due  allow- 
ance has  been  made  for  these  facts,  it  is  contended  that  the 
institutions  of  higher  learning  in  this  Commonwealth  do  not 
render  as  extensive  service  to  Massachusetts  in  providing  means 
of  higher  education  and  in  influence  exerted  as  is  commonly 
believed.  / 

^         6.     The  Needs  of  the  Public  Schools. 

While  Massachusetts  maintains  10  normal  schools  which  train 
teachers  for  its  elementary  schools,  besides  special  teachers  of 
drawing,  household  arts,  manual  training  and  commercial  sub- 
jects, it  possesses  no  State  institution  for  training  either  sec- 
ondary school  teachers  or  school  supervisors  and  administrators. 
The  result  is  that  the  State  now  controls  no  one  of  the  agencies 
through  which  its  educational  leaders  are  trained.  The  en- 
dowed colleges  largely  determine,  through  their  admission  re- 
quirements, the  standards  of  the  secondary  schools,  and, 
through  their  control  of  collegiate  education,  the  preparation 
of  teachers  for  such  schools.  Furthermore,  by  reason  of  the 
number  and  varietv  of  these  institutions,  they  contribute  little 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  19 

to  the  establishment  of  uniform  standards  for  secondary  schools. 
It  is  held  that  Massachusetts  needs  a  higher  institution  of 
learning  which  will  be  a  center  of  helpful  influence  on  the 
public  schools  of  the  State,  and  which  will  provide  professional 
training,  in  undergraduate  and  graduate  courses,  for  secondary 
school  teachers  and  for  school  supervisors  and  administrators. 
The  Board  of  Education  believes  that  if  professional  training 
for  secondary  school  teachers  and  school  administrators  were 
required  for  certification  to  teach  in  any  State  high  school  or 
for  administrative  positions,  and  if  definite  plans  of  co-opera- 
tion between  the  Board  and  existing  institutions  of  learning 
were  provided,  the  colleges  now  in  existence  would  render  all 
service  that  might  be  necessary. 

Review  of  Reasons  commonly  urged  against  the  Estab- 
lishment OF  A  State  University  in  Massachusetts. 

1.     The  Large  Cost  of  Such  an  Institution. 

An  analysis  of  the  figures  contained  in  the  Appendix  will 
show  that  the  establishment  of  a  State  university  involves  an 
initial  outlay  of,  at  least,  $1,000  for  each  unit  of  accommoda- 
tion (the  average  for  thirty-nine  State  universities  being  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $1,174  per  unit  of  student  body).  An  average 
expenditure  of  over  $300  per  student  is  required  annually  for 
maintenance  under  conditions  where  the  cost  of  maintenance 
is  less  than  would  be  required  in  Massachusetts.  To  establish 
a  university  in  Massachusetts  capable  of  accommodating  1,000 
students  would  require,  exclusive  of  dormitories,  the  investment 
of  at  least  $1,000,000  for  buildings  and  equipment,  while  dor- 
mitory accommodations  for  500  students  would  cost  an  addi- 
tional $500,000.  To  maintain  such  a  university,  without 
including  allowance  for  depreciation  of  property,  would  cost 
at  least  $300,000  per  year.  This  takes  no  account  of  graduate 
or  professional  departments,  which  would  be  required  if  the 
institution  were  required  to  offer  extensive  courses,  train 
teachers  for  the  public  schools  and  have  expert  service  avail- 
able for  State  and  municipal  departments.  It  may  safely  be 
assumed  that  a  university  capable  of  meeting  the  needs  com- 
monly alleged  to  exist  for  such  an  institution  would  cost  upward 
of  $500,000  a  year  for  maintenance  alone. 


20 


STATE  UNIVERSITY. 


[Jan. 


In  its  present  financial  condition  it  seems  undesirable  that  the 
Commonwealth  should  undertake  so  large  an  enterprise  as  is  in- 
volved in  establishing  and  maintaining  a  State  university.  This 
conclusion  is  emphasized  by  the  fact  that  a  considerable  number 
of  State  institutions  devoted  to  correctional,  charitable  or  edu- 
cational purposes  are  in  need  of  larger  resources,  if  they  are 
adequately  to  meet  the  demands  being  made  upon  them. 
Among  these  are  the  several  State  normal  schools,  the  school 
for  feeble-minded  and  the  prisons. 

2.     The  Needs  of  the  Public  School  System. 

Massachusetts  appropriates  from  State  revenues  for  the 
support  of  the  public  schools  a  smaller  proportion  of  money 
than  is  dven  bv  anv  other  State  in  the  Union.  As  a  result  of 
this  policy,  rich  communities  —  that  is,  communities  with  a 
large  taxable  valuation  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  children 
educated  —  are  easily  able  to  support  good  schools,  while,  on 
the  other  hand,  poor  communities  —  that  is,  communities,  large 
or  small,  which  possess  a  small  valuation  in  proportion  to  the 
number  of  children  to  be  educated  —  even  with  a  very  large 
tax  rate  can  maintain  only  poor  schools.  In  1913,  for  example, 
in  certain  typical  communities  in  Massachusetts,  the.  taxable 
valuation  per  pupil  in  the  membership  of  the  schools  was  as 
follows:  — 


Taxable  Valuation 

Brookline, 

Cohasset, 

Lancaster, 

IMilton,  . 

Wellesley, 

Falmouth, 

Hopedale, 

Boston,  . 

Groton, 

Lenox,    . 

Newton, 

Swampscott, 

Springfield, 

Beverly, 

Lowell,  . 

Worcester, 


per  Pupil  in  Average  Membership 


§29,653  03 
25,040  17 
21,851  77 
21,194  32 
18,285  89 
16,724  94 
15,153  87 
14,274  88 
14,131  01 
13,518  92 
11,892  72 
11,179  44 
10,645  11 
10,574  73 
7,550  46 
7,276  67 


Webster, 

Reading, 

Marlborough 

MiKord, 

Cliicopee, 

Everett, 

Natick,  . 

Woburn, 

LTxbridge, 

Westfield, 

Grafton, 

Abington, 

Saugus,  . 

Northbridge, 

Blackstone, 


of  Public  Schools. 

7,179  96 
5,771  34 
5,539  45 
4,866  50 
4,560  51 
4,592  54 
4,566  48 
4,346  53 
4,038  62 
3,992  60 
3,835  40 
3,613  56 
3,423  49 
3,394  49 
2,386  63 


1915.]  HOUSE  — Xo.  485.  21 

A  comparison  and  analysis  of  these  figures  make  it  clear  that 
communities  \\'ith  large  taxable  valuation  per  pupil  are  easily 
able  to  raise  money  sufficient  to  support  good  schools,  which, 
as  experience  shows,  cost  from  S30  to  S40  per  unit  of  member- 
ship in  the  elementary  school,  and  from  $75  to  SlOO  per  unit  of 
membership  in  the  high  school. 

Massachusetts  now  distributes  from  the  income  of  the  ^Nlas- 
sachusetts  School  Fund,  State  aid  among  towns  with  a  valua- 
tion of  less  than  $2,500,000.  The  total  income  of  this  fund, 
however,  is  small  (less  than  8240,000  per  year),  and  it  is  dis- 
tributed among  199  towns.  Xo  provision  for  State  aid  is  made 
for  any  towns  or  cities  with  a  valuation  above  $2,500,000, 
though  in  many  of  these  there  is  a  large  proportion  of  foreign 
population,  with  many  children  in  need  of  public  school  facili- 
ties and  with  a  small  relative  valuation  to  provide  such  school- 
ing. The  result  is  that  many  communities,  including  some 
cities,  are  now  struggling  to  maintain  efficient  schools,  but  in 
so  doing  are  imposing  on  themselves  excessive  taxation.  In 
a  special  report  to  the  legislature  the  Board  this  year  points 
out  the  urgent  need  of  financial  assistance  from  State  funds 
in  many  communities  in  order  to  partially  equalize  the  burden 
of  school  support. 

Sound  policy  requires  that  the  Commonwealth  discharge  its 
undoubted  obligations  to  aid  public  education  in  relatively  poor 
communities  before  assuming  the  very  large  expense  that  would 
necessarily  be  required  to  establish  and  maintain  an  efficient 
and  adequate  State  university. 

3.     The  Presence  in  the  State  of  a  Large  Number  of  Endowed 

Institutions  of  Higher  Learning. 

i  Massachusetts,  it  is  contended,  has  more  extensive  and  better 
facilities  for  higher  education  in  proportion  to  its  population 
than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  While  several  of  the  exist- 
ing private  and  endowed  institutions  of  higher  learning  are 
national  rather  than  State- wide  in  their  scope  and  influence, 
nevertheless,  with  one  exception,  a  large  proportion  of  their 
students  are  from  Massachusetts.  The  colleges  and  universities 
of  Massachusetts  are  capable  of  materially  extending  their  ac- 
commodations.    Data  given  in  the  Appendix  show  that  16  of 


22  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

the  colleges  and  universities  in  Massachusetts  represent  a  plant 
valuation  aggregating  $27,603,505,  and  possess  an  endowment 
of  $50,854,451.  It  is  furthermore  contended  that  these  institu- 
tions are  capable  of  developing  facilities  for  extension  courses, 
correspondence  work  and  contributory  expert  service  if  aided 
and  supported  by  State  and  municipal  authorities.  The  Board 
believes  that  am_ple  accommodation  could  be  provided  for  any 
increase  in  number  of  students  resulting  from  the  operation  of 
a  plan  of  State  scholarships.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  a  closer  degree  of  co-operation  between  these  institutions 
and  the  State  can  be  developed  along  lines  indicated  below. 


4.     The  Presence  in  Massachusetts  of  State  Institutions  of  Learn- 
ing giving  Free  Higher  Education. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  Massachusetts  is  not  nov/  with- 
out State-aided  and  State-controlled  facilities  for  higher  educa- 
tion which  provide  excellent  opportunities  for  the  advanced 
education  of  young  persons  unable  to  pay  college  tuition  fees.  / 
r  There  are  10  State  normal  schools,  with  courses  from  two  to 
four  years  in  length  and  accommodating  2,600  students,  in 
which  are  offered  to  residents  of  Massachusetts,  w^ithout  tuition 
charge,  education  and  training  in  preparation  for  teachers' 
callings. 

A  State  Agricultural  College  accommodating  upwards  of  700 
students,  which,  while  designed  primarily  to  train  for  the  agri- 
cultural callings,  also  offers  abundant  facilities  for  instruction 
in  the  arts  and  sciences.  Students  from  Massachusetts  in  at- 
tendance at  this  college  are  not  required  to  pay  tuition  fees. 

Three  textile  schools  are  maintained,  respectively,  at  Lowell, 
New  Bedford  and  Fall  River,  in  which  tuition  fees  are  charged 
ranging  from  $150  in  Lowell  to  $50  for  nonresidents  of  New 
Bedford,  in  New  Bedford.  Residents  of  Fall  River  and  New 
Bedford  are  not  charged  any  tuition.  These  schools  offer  a 
technical  and  scientific  training  for  the  professions  associated 
with  the  textile  industry.  Besides  the  foregoing,  jNIassachu- 
setts  supports  a  free  nautical  school,  preparing  for  seamanship. 

The  State  also  maintains  80  free  scholarships  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology  and  40  free  scholarships  in 
the  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute. 


1915.]  HOUSE  — No.  485.  .  23 


5.     The  Educational  Needs  of  the  Commonwealth  can  be  met  in 
Other  Ways  than  by  the  Establishment  of  a  State  University. 

/  It  is  the  opinion  of  many  students  of  the  subject  that  the 
large  resources  for  higher  education  represented  in  colleges 
and  universities  situated  in  this  State  can  be  utilized  to  a 
greater  extent  than  is  now  the  case,  in  providing  free  education 
for  youths,  in  the  training  of  teachers  for  secondary  schools, 
training  supervisors  and  school  administrators,  in  advancing  the 
standards  of  secondary  education,  in  organizing  and  conducting 
university  extension  and  correspondence  courses,  and  in  co- 
operating with  State  and  municipal  departments  for  the  purpose 
of  conducting  investigations  and  giving  information,  advice  and 
other  expert  assistance. 

The  advocates  of  a  larger  use  of  existing  institutions  hold 
that,  instead  of  partially  duplicating  at  great  expense  to  the 
Commonwealth,  the  present  educational  plant,  including  land, 
buildings,  equipment  and  teaching  force  of  the  higher  institu- 
tions  now  existing  in  Massachusetts,  the  interests  of  the  State 
will  be  better  served  by  organizing  ways  and  means  for  securing 
necessary  improvements  and  additional  facilities  through  co- 
operation with  the  colleges,  universities  and  technical  schools 
already  established. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  possible  proposals  looking  to 
this  end :  — 

(i)  Provisions  by  State  Scholarships  for  Free  Higher  Education 
for  Residents  of  Massachusetts.  —  The  State  should  create  and 
maintain  a  scholarship  fund,  the  proceeds  of  which  would  be 
applied  to  pay  the  tuition  of  worthy  young. men  and  women, 
residents  of  Massachusetts,  who  are  in  attendance  on  Massa- 
chusetts colleges.  Ample  provision  could  be  made  for  the  aid 
of  such  students  by  a  yearly  appropriation  much  less  in  amount 
than  would  be  required  to  maintain  a  State  university.  A 
student  holding  ^  State  scholarship  should  be  free  to  select  the 
institution  he  wished  to  attend  and  to  take  such  courses  as  he 
desires.  Students  residing  in  different  parts  of  the  State  could 
attend  the  nearest  institution,  and,  at  the  same  time,  live  at 
home,  —  a  matter  of  no  small  moment  to  students  of  limited 
means. 


24  •  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

Because  of  the  importance  of  a  possible  system  of  State 
scholarships  the  Board  includes  in  this  report  a  form  of  bill 
designed  to  exemplify  the  principles  wliich  the  Board  believes 
should  be  followed  in  the  creation  and  administration  of  a 
scholarship  fund. 

{2)  The  Training  of  Teachers  in  Secondary  Schools,  of  School 
Administrators  and  Supervisors.  —  Courses  on  education  are  now 
recognized  as  a  legitimate  part  of  the  instruction  in  leading  col- 
leges  and  universities.  There  has  been  steady  improvement  in 
the  scope  and  quality  of  such  courses  in  the  last  few  years. 
Courses  in  education  are  now  found  in  these  institutions:  — 


Harvard  University. 
Radcliffe  College. 
Clark  University. 
Clark  College. 
Holy  Cross  College. 
Boston  University. 


Massachusetts  Agricultural  College. 
Mount  Holyoke  College. 
Simmons  CoUege. 
Smith  College. 
Tufts  College. 
Wellesley  College. 


^  These  courses  are  designed  to  furnish  training  for  secondary 
school  teachers  and  for  school  administrators  and  supervisors. 
The  demand  for  professional  training  for  secondary  school 
teachers  and  for  school  superintendents  has  increased  since  the 
Commonwealth  has  made  such  training  a  requirement  for  cer- 
tification to  teach  in  a  State-aided  high  school,  or  to  act  as 
superintendent  of  schools  in  a  union.  In  the  event  of  the 
extension  of  the  certification  requirement  to  all  the  cities  and 
towns  in  the  State,  the  resulting  increase  in  demand  for  pro- 
fessional training  would  place  still  larger  obligations  on  colleges 
to  develop  their  work  in  education  to  meet  the  demand  —  obli- 
gations which  many  colleges  are  very  willing  to  meet. 

If  the  Board  of  Education,  in  co-operation  with  superintend- 
ents of  schools  in  towms  and  cities,  could  make  available  for 
college  students  opportunities  for  practical  teaching  in  high 
schools  and  for  observation  of  the  work  of  superintendence  of 
schools,  the  value  of  the  existing  courses  in  education  training 
would  be  greatly  enhanced,  with  resulting  advantages  to  the 
schools  of  the  Commonwealth. 

(5)  Promotion  of  Standards  of  Secondary  Education.  —  The 
colleges  of  Massachusetts  are  vitally  affected  by  the  quality 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  Xo.  485.  25 

and  character  of  the  courses  and  the  instruction  in  pubHc  sec- 
ondary schools,  inasmuch  as  a  large  proportion  of  their  students 
come  from  these  schools.  Efficient  preparation  for  college  is 
desired  by  college  authorities,  as  facilitating  the  work  in  their 
classrooms;  hw^ce,  there  is  an  increasing  disposition  on  the  part 
of  college  faculties  to  confer  with  secondary  school  authorities 
as  to  requirements  for  admission  to  college,  on  the  one  hand, 
and  as  to  high  school  courses,  on  the  other,  so  as  to  secure 
conditions  which  shall  be  most  advantageous  to  both  college 
and  high  school. 

Modifications  recently  made  in  college  requirements  for  ad- 
mission have  resulted  in  giving  high  schools  increased  liberty 
so  to  plan  their  programs  as  make  best  possible  adjustments 
to  the  needs  and  capacities  of  all  their  pupils.  There  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  the  colleges  in  Massachusetts  are  dis- 
posed to  co-operate  with  high  schools  in  all  endeavors  to  im- 
prove the  standards  of  the  latter  as  well  as  the  admission  re- 
quirements of  the  former. 

(4)  The  Establishment  and  Maintenance  of  University  Exten- 
sion Teaching  and  of  Correspondence  Courses.  —  The  Commis- 
sion on  Extension  Courses  which  was  organized  in  1910,  under 
the  auspices  of  eight  institutions  of  higher  learning  situated  in 
or  near  Boston,  has  demonstrated  that  effective  teaching 
through  lecture  courses  can  be  given  at  a  nominal  fee  to  per- 
sons who  are  not  able  to  attend  a  college  in  residence. 

The  degree  of  associate  in  arts  (A. A.),  given  on  the  comple- 
tion of  a  certain  number  of  courses  under  this  commission  is 
regarded  as  representing  work  fully  equivalent  to  that  required 
for  bachelor's  degree  when  such  work  is  done  by  mature  stu- 
dents. 

With  some  encouragement  from  the  State,  it  should  be  pos- 
sible to  develop  similar  extension  instruction  at  other  important 
centers  throughout  the  commonwealth.  If  courses  were  given 
in  larger  cities  a  small  part  only  of  the  population  would  be  so 
situated  as  to  be  unable  to  avail  itself  of  these  opportunities 
for  study  under  the  guidance  of  competent  instructors. 

Organized  correspondence  courses  are  now  given  by  none  of 
the  colleges  in  Massachusetts,  but  doubtless  such  courses  could 
be  established  and  maintained  if  some  directing  agency  were 


26  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

formed,  either  through  piibhc  action  or  through  such  co-opera- 
tion of  colleges,  as  was  shown  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Commission  on  Extension  Teaching. 

It  has  also  been  suggested  that  evening  college  courses  re- 
sembling those  conducted  by  the  College  of  the .  City  of  New 
York  might  well  be  established  in  Boston,  at  which  free  in- 
struction in  studies  leading  to  a  bachelor's  degree  could  be 
conducted  in  part  with  the  aid  of  professors  from  surrounding 
colleges. 

Extension  work,  correspondence  courses  and  evening  college 
courses  might  well  be  placed  in  charge  of  some  administrative 
bureau  or  office,  the  expenses  of  which  might  be  met  by  the 
treasury  of  the  Commonwealth.  Such  an  agency  could  arrange 
in  conferences  with  colleges  for  courses,  secure  instructors,  de- 
cide on  student  fees  and  on  compensation  of  lecturers.  It  is 
believed  that  college  authorities  would  be  willing  and  ready  to 
aid  in  such  enterprises. 


Form  of  Proposed  State  Scholarship  Act   (to  exemplify 
Principles  approved  by  the  Board). 

An  Act  to  create  and  maintain  a  State  Scholarship  Fund. 
Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  as  jolloivs: 

Section  1.  The  Scholarship  Fund  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts  is  hereby  created.     Such  fund  shall  consist:  — 

(a)  Of  moneys  appropriated  thereto  by  the  general  court. 

(6)  Of  all  money  and  property  received  by  the  common- 
wealth, by  gift,  grant,  devise  or  bequest,  for  the  purpose  of 
providing  funds  for  the  support  of  such  scholarships,  and  of  all 
income  and  revenue  derived  from  such  gifts,  grants,  devises  or 
bequests.  The  income  or  revenue  derived  from  such  gifts, 
grants,  devises  or  bequests,  or  from  any  trusts  as  above  de- 
scribed, shall  be  applied  in  maintaining  scholarships  in  addition 
to  those  maintained  by  appropriations  made  by  the  general 
court. 

Section  2.  ■  The  State  Scholarship  Fund  shall  be  kept  dis- 
tinct and  separate  from  the  other  state  funds  by  the  treasurer 
and  receiver-general,  and  payments  shall  be  made  therefrom  to 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  27 

the  persons  entitled  thereto  in  the  same  manner  as  from  other 
state  funds,  except  as  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  act. 

Section  3.  There  shall  annually  be  appropriated  from  the 
treasury  of  the  commonwealth,  beginning  with  the  first  day  of 
January,  nineteen  hundred  and  sixteen,  the  sum  of  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the 
board  of  education,  for  the  maintenance  of  the  State  Scholar- 
ship Fund,  as  provided  in  this  act. 

Section  4.  The  scholarships  available  from  the  State 
Scholarship  Fund  shall  be  granted  to  residents  or  minor  children 
of  residents  of  Massachusetts,  in  accordance  with  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  the  board  of  education  shall,  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  make  relative  to  the  award  and  use  of 
such  scholarships,  the  right  and  duties  of  the  holders  thereof 
and  the  obligations  of  the  colleges  which  may  be  attended  by 
the  holders  thereof. 

Section  5.  Candidates  for  scholarships  shall  make  appli- 
cation to  the  commissioner  of  education,  in  the  manner  and  on 
the  forms  prescribed  by  the  board  of  education,  on  or  before 
the  first  day  of  July  in  each  year. 

Section  6.  In  awarding  scholarships  preference  shall  be 
given  to  those  candidates  who,  being  in  need  of  the  financial 
assistance  afforded  by  the  scholarship,  show  greatest  promise 
of  profiting  from  the  college  courses  to  be  taken. 

Section  7.  The  scholarship  that  may  be  granted  to  any 
applicant  shall  not  exceed  in  amount  the  annual  tuition  charges 
at  the  college  said  candidate  attends.  A  scholarship  shall  not 
in  general  be  granted  to  any  person  for  a  longer  period  than 
four  years,  but  w^hen  circunastances  seem  to  justify  such  action, 
the  board  of  education  may  extend  this  period  by  an  additional 
year. 

Section  8.  Scholarships  shall  be  valid  in  payment  of  tuition 
charges  in  any  college  or  university  chartered  under  the  laws 
of  the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  and  granted  the  right 
to  bestow  degrees,  provided  that  the  Board  of  Education  ap- 
proves the  tuition  rates  in  such  college  as  in  its  estimation 
reasonable.  Scholarships  shall  be  granted  only  to  students 
pursuing  undergraduate  courses  in  said  institution,  and  no 
scholarship   shall   be   granted   to   include   payments   of   tuition 


28  STATE    UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

on  account  of  professional  instruction  in  law,  medicine,  den- 
tistry, veterinary  medicine,  theology  or  engineering,  except  so 
far  as  such  instruction  is  within  a  regularly  prescribed  course 
of  study  for  undergraduates.  Not  more  than  ten  per  cent  of 
the  students  of  any  institution,  who  are  also  residents  of  Massa- 
chusetts, shall  be  entitled  to  receive  scholarship  aid. 

Section  9.  The  courses  of  instruction  in  the  institutions  at- 
tended and  the  records  of  holders  of  scholarships  shall  be  subject 
to  the  inspection  of  the  board  of  education. 

Section  10.  Any  scholarship  may  be  revoked  when,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  board  of  education,  the  holder  thereof,  by 
conduct  or  failure  in  work,  shows  himself  unlikely  to  profit  by 
the  grant. 

Section  11.  All  payments  for  scholarships  shall  be  made 
on  order  of  the  board  of  education.  Such  payments  may,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  board,  be  made  semi-annually. 

Section  12.  This  act  shall  take  effect  on  and  after  the  first 
day  of  July,  1915. 

Analysis  of  Provisions  of  Proposed  Act  to  create  and 
maintain  a  State  Scholarship  Fund. 

Section  1 .  —  The  scholarship  fund  must  depend  in  the  main 
upon  annual  grants  from  the  Legislature;  on  the  other  hand, 
it  is  entirely  probable  that  from  time  to  time  gifts  of  money 
will  be  made  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  number  of 
scholarships  given;  hence  the  act  provides  for  the  receiving  of 
such  gifts  by  the  Commonwealth. 

Section  2.  —  In  accordance  with  the  policy  of  the  State, 
amounts  belonging  to  the  State  Scholarship  Fund  are  to  be  in 
the  keeping  of  the  Treasurer  and  Receiver-General. 

Section  3.  —  On  the  Board  of  Education,  as  the  body  charged 
with  defining  the  policy  of  the  Commonwealth,  should  rest  the 
responsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  scholarship  fund. 
It  should  be  noted  that  scholarships  now^  granted  to  students 
at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  at  the  Worces- 
ter Polvtechnic  Institute  are  awarded  by  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. 

Section  4.  —  Obviously,  any  moneys  provided  from  taxation 
should  be  expended  for  the  benefit  of  residents  of  Massachu- 


1915.]  HOUSE  — No.  485.  29 

setts,  and  the  Board  of  Education  is  the  proper  body  to  make 
the  award  of  such  scholarships,  and  to  estabhsh  rules  and  regu- 
lations regarding  the  grants  of  scholarships  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  fund. 

Section  5.  —  This  section  follows  the  precedent  set  with  re- 
gard to  the  application  for  scholarships  in  Massachusetts  Insti- 
tute of  Technology  and  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute  by  re- 
quiring such  applications  to  be  presented  on  or  before  the  first 
of  July  of  each  year.  Applications  filed  by  this  time  can  be 
carefully  considered  and  a  decision  reached  with  regard  to 
awards,  and  successful  applicants  can  be  given  sufficient  notice 
before  the  opening  of  the  colleges  in  the  fall. 

Section  6.  —  It  seems  desirable,  in  the  awarding  of  scholar- 
ships, that  recognition  should  be  made  of  these  qualifications  of 
candidates,  viz.,  scholarship,  general  ability  and  financial 
circumstances. 

Section  7.  —  This  section  provides  that  a  scholarship  shall 
meet  the  expenses  of  tuition  which,  in  Massachusetts  colleges, 
range  from  $250  to  $60  per  year.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  not  in- 
tended that  the  scholarship  plan  should,  in  any  way,  limit  the 
choice  of  the  student  as  to  the  higher  institution  to  be  at- 
tended, it  has  seemed  desirable  that  the  tuition  charge  should 
be  met,  whether  such  charge  is  large  or  small.  Inasmuch  as 
the  usual  undergraduate  course  continues  for  four  years,  it 
seems  desirable  that  a  scholarship  should  be  held  by  a  student 
for  this  time.  When,  owing  to  unusual  circumstances,  another 
year  is  required  to  complete  the  college  course,  the  Board  of 
Education  is  permitted,  if  it  so  desires,  to  continue  the  scholar- 
ship an  additional  year. 

Section  8.  —  The  provision  limiting  the  number  of  holders  of 
scholarships  in  any  institution  to  10  per  cent,  of  the  number 
who  are  residents  of  Massachusetts  is  intended  to  prevent  the 
undue  use  of  State  scholarships  in  any  one  institution. 

Section  9.  —  The  authority  given  in  this  section  to  the  Board 
of  Education  to  inspect  the  courses  of  instruction  and  records 
of  holders  of  scholarships  is  in  accordance  with  the  policy  of  the 
State  in  authorizing  and  requiring  supervision  wherever  State 
money  is  expended. 

Section  10.  —  This  section,   providing  for  the  revocation   of 


30  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

scholarships  where  cause  appears,  constitutes  a  safeguard 
against  the  holding  of  scholarships  by  persons  not  likely  to 
profit  thereby. 

In  providing  for  the  distribution  of  scholarships,  it  does  not 
seem  well  to  limit  the  number  to  be  given  from  any  county  or 
senatorial  district. 


Pkoposed  Plan  for  the  Creation  of  a  Non-teaching. 
Institution,  to  be  known  as  the  University  of  ]VL\s- 
sachusetts. 

It  is  also  suggested  by  the  Board  that  as  an  alternative  to  a 
State  university  as  an  institution  offering  regular  courses  of  in- 
struction the  Commonwealth  might  create  and  maintain  a  Uni- 
versity of  Massachusetts  as  a  non-teacliing  organization,  which 
should  consist  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  authorized  to  conduct 
university  extension  courses  and  correspondence  courses,  to  ad- 
minister a  system  of  State  scholarships,  to  promote  the  training 
of  secondary  school  teachers  and  of  school  administrators  and 
supervisors,  to  provide  for  organized  co-operation  between  higher 
institutions  of  learning  in  Massachusetts  on  the  one  hand  and 
the  State  and  municipal  departments  on  the  other,  and  to  secure 
proper  articulation  of  high  school  and  college  by  organizing  and 
putting  into  effect  plans  whereby  the  above  results  may  be 
secured  through  co-operation  with  existing  colleges  and  univer- 
sities. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  of  this  university  should  be  appointed 
by  the  Governor.  A  stated  proportion  of  such  trustees  might 
well  be  selected  from  nominations  made  by  colleges  and  univer- 
sities in  Massachusetts.  The  expenses  of  such  a  board  would 
be  mainly  administrative,  and  should  be  met  by  appropria- 
tions from  the  treasury  of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  university  should,  at  least  at  the  outset,  maintain  no 
faculty.  It  should  be  provided  with  buildings  and  equipment 
necessary  for  the  proper  conduct  of  its  administrative  work. 
If  circumstances  warranted,  it  might  in  time  be  authorized  to 
organize  and  maintain  a  permanent  staff  of  lecturers  for  sub- 
jects or  courses  not  otherwise  available. 

It  is  believed  by  some  persons  that  the  institutions  of  higher 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  31 

education  in  Massachusetts  would  willingly  co-operate  with 
such  a  university,  and  it  has  been  stated  that  there  would  be 
readiness  to  support,  without  expense  to  the  State,  a  certain 
number  of  extension  courses. 


Proposed  Agency  to  secure  Co-operation  between  the 
Higher  Institutions  of  Learning  in  Massachusetts 
AND  State  and  Municipal  Departments. 

In  the  event  that  the  foregoing  plan  should  not  be  regarded 
as  feasible  it  is  suggested  that  the  Legislature  should  consider 
the  advisability  of  creating  an  organization  charged  with  the 
power  and  responsibility  of  facilitating  co-operation  between 
State  and  municipal  authorities  and  the  various  institutions  of 
higher  learning  in  the  Commonwealth. 

The  functions  of  this  organization  would  be  threefold :  — 

(1)  To  accumulate  information  bearing  upon  various  ques- 
tions connected  with  the  public  administration.  This  infor- 
mation would  include  reports  and  publications  dealing  with 
technical  questions  requiring  expert  aid  and  advice..  These 
publications  would,  in  some  instances,  be  kept  on  file  in  the 
offices  of  the  organization,  and  in  others  it  would  maintain  a 
card  reference  list  whereby  any  commission  or  officer  could 
gain  ready  information  regarding  publications  possessed  by  the 
higher  institutions  of  learning  in  the  State  which  bear  upon 
the  questions  at  issue.  In  time  doubtless  the  official  in  charge 
of  these  departments  would  become  competent  to  direct  in- 
quirers to  the  best  sources  of  information. 

(2)  To  keep  on  file  a  list  of  experts  in  various  fields  of  study 
competent  to  aid,  by  advice  or  assistance,  commissions  charged 
with  different  departments  of  the  work  of  the  State.  Such  a 
list  would  include  the  names  of  experts  in  sanitary  engineering, 
mechanical  engineering,  public  health,  prison  administration, 
taxation  and  many  other  fields.  In  the  event  of  State  or  local 
board  or  commission  desiring  the  services  of  an  expert,  the 
organization  would  conduct  negotiations  with  the  higher  insti- 
tutions in  whose  employ  the  expert  would  be,  and  make  ar- 
rangements for  securing  the  needed  service  for  the  State  or 
municipality. 


32  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan. 

(3)  To  arrange  that  specialists  in  higher  institutions  should 
conduct  research  work  on  problems  growing  out  of  the  work 
of  departments  and  commissions.  Problems  are  constantly 
arising  relating  to  the  uses  of  materials  and  to  matters  of 
construction  in  the  technical  field,  and  also  in  the  field  of 
economics  and  sociology  which  require  special  experimentation 
and  investigation  before  the  policy  of  the  State  in  administra- 
tion or  legislation  can  be  intelligently  defined.  It  could  arrange 
for  such  research  work,  and,  after  conference  with  the  higher 
institutions,  select  the  persons  most  competent  to  carry  on 
needed  studies. 

In  addition,  the  organization  might  arrange  with  properly 
equipped  higher  institutions  for  the  training  of  students  to  enter 
fields  of  public  service.  Beginnings  have  already  been  made  in 
this  field  in  training  the  health  officers,  under  the  joint  auspices 
of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. 

In  so  far  as  the  activities  of  such  an  organization  as  that  here 
suggested  would  be  educational  in  character,  they  should  come 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Conclusions. 

The  Board  of  Education,  in  response  to  a  resolve,  submitted 
to  the  Legislature  of  1912  a  report  (House  Document  No. 
1647)  relative  to  providing  higher  and  supplementary  educa- 
tion additional  to  that  now  offered  in  the  State.  In  that  re- 
port the  Board  submitted  the  conclusions  given  in  part  below. 
It  is  respectfully  suggested  that  these  conclusions  are  still  valid, 
and  they  are  again  submitted  as  embodying  the  views  of  the 
Board,  including  its  recommendations. 

1.  The  facilities  for  higher  education  of  a  collegiate  or  profes- 
sional nature  in  Massachusetts  compare  favorably  with  those 
of  other  progressive  States  as  regards  numbers  of  institutions, 
varieties  of  educational  opportunity  offered,  financial  support, 
teaching  force,  and  attendance  and  quality  of  instruction. 

2.  Provisions  for  higher  education  have  increased  more  rapidly 
during  the  last  thirty  years  than  the  population  of  the  State, 
and  have  kept  pace  with  the  increase  of  such  opportunities  in 
other  States. 


1915.]  HOUSE  —  No.  485.  33 

3.  The  institutions  of  higher  education  in  Massachusetts  are 
progressively  adapting  themselves  to  the  economic  and  social 
needs  of  the  Commonwealth. 

4.  In  view  of  the  extent  and  variety  of  existing  facilities  for 
higher  education,  and  of  the  possibilities  of  putting  the  resources 
of  the  colleges  and  universities  more  fully  at  the  command  of 
the  people,  and  because  of  the  urgent  demands  on  the  State 
treasury  for  the  financial  support  of  elementary,  secondary  and 
vocational  training,  the  establishment  of  State  institutions  in 
addition  to  and  duplicating  existing  institutions  of  higher  learning 
is  unwarranted. 

In  its  further  findings  in  the  report  referred  to,  the  Board 
recommended  the  provision  of  additional  State  scholarships  for 
students  needing  financial  assistance,  and  also  the  creation  of 
an  agency  to  promote  extension  teaching  and  the  further  co- 
operation of  existing  institutions  of  learning  with  public  adminis- 
trative agencies 

Respectfully  submitted, 

FREDERICK   P.  FISH,  Chairman, 
SARAH  LOUISE  ARNOLD, 
JEREMIAH  E.   BURKE, 
ELLA  LYMAN  CABOT, 
SIMEON  B.  CHASE, 
THOMAS  B    FITZPATRICK, 
FREDERICK  W.  HAMILTON, 
PAUL  H.  HANUS, 
CLINTON  Q.  RICHMOND, 

Members  of  the  Board, 

DAVID  SNEDDEN, 

Commissioner  of  Education. 


34  STATE   UNIVERSITY.  [Jan.  1915. 


SUPPLEMENTAL   STATEMENT   FROM   DR. 
FREDERICK  W.   HAMILTON. 


I  sign  the  foregoing  report  with  the  reservation,  which  I 
desire  to  express  clearly,  that  while  I  accept  the  body  of  the 
report  without  dissent  I  accept  the  conclusions  drawn  from 
the  facts  and  arguments  presented  on  grounds  of  expediency 
alone. 

The  discussion  turns  on  the  question  how  best  to  secure  (a) 
free  collegiate  instruction  of  high  character  for  the  youth  of  the 
Commonwealth,  (b)  training  at  the  expense  of  the  Common- 
wealth for  secondary  school  teachers  comparable  with  that  now 
offered  for  grade  school  teachers,  (c)  the  widest  possible  exten-^ 
sion  of  educational  opportunity  to  the  people  in  their  homes, 
(d)  the  general  improvement  of  education  in  the  Common- 
wealth and  its  freedom  from  hampering  traditions  and  external 
influences,  and  (e)  the  provision  of  expert  scientific  service  for 
the  Commonwealth  from  persons  permanently  in  its  employ. 
In  my  opinion  these  results  can  best  be  secured  through  a 
State  university,  and  I  am  unable  to  see  how  they  can  be 
secured,  except  very  imperfectly,  in  any  other  way. 

But  the  demands  upon  the  treasury  of  the  Commonwealth 
are  so  heavy  and  the  financial  needs  of  primary  education, 
affecting  the  interests  of  all  the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth 
and  of  the  Commonwealth  itself  through  its  citizens,  are  so 
great  and  so  urgent  that  I  am  forced  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  wisdom  of  large  additional  expenditure  for  higher  educa- 
tion at  the  pubHc  cost  at  this  time  is  open  to  very  grave 
doubt.     On  this  ground  alone  I  sign  the  report  as  a  whole. 

FREDERICK  W.  HAMILTON. 


APPENDIX. 


36 


STATE  UNIVERSITY. 


[Jan. 


Appendix 


STATISTICS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  COL- 


Statistics  of  Massachusetts  Colleges.  ^ 

[Based  upon  Statistics  in  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education,  1913.] 


Date  of 
Opening. 

1 

Number 

of 
Instruc- 
tors. 

2 

NuMBEK  OF  Students. 

Name  of  College.  2 

Men. 
3 

Women. 
4 

• 

Total. 
5 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

Amherst  College, 
Massachusetts  Agricult 
Boston  University, 
Massachusetts  Institut( 
Simmons  College, 

Harvard  University', 
Radclifie  College, 
Smith  College,      . 
Wheaton  College, 
Mount  Holyoke  CoUeg 

Tufts  College, 
Wellesley  College, 
Clark  College, 
Clark  University, 
Williams  College, 

College  of  the  Holy  Cr 
Worcester  Polytechnic 

.ural  College,    . 
3  of  Technology , 

e,      .        .        . 

OSS,    . 

Institute, 

1821 
1867 
1873 
1865 
1902 

1636 
1879 
1875 
1834 
1837 

1354 
1875 
1902 
1889 
1793 

1843 
1868 

44 

56 

125 

179 

97 

467 

122 

109 

24 

90 

235 

126 

25 

25 

49 

32 
^55 

426 

551 

873 

1,597 

4,253 

963 

156 

81 

521 

564 
555 

5 

635 

14 

944 

582 

1,529 

225 

755 

95 
1,424 

27 

426 

556 

1,508 

1,611 

944 

4,253 
582 

1,529 
225 
755 

1,058 

1,424 

156 

108 

521 

564 
555 

Total,     . 

• 

- 

- 

- 

- 

16,775 

1  These  tables  are  compiled  from  statistics  furnished  to  the  Bureau  of  Education  at  Washington 
by  colleges  and  universities  (report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  1913,  Volume  2,  pp.  210- 
270).  Columns  9  to  15,  inclusive,  include  such  forms  of  income  as  seem  to  be  chiefly  devoted  to 
maintenance,  of  instruction,  excluding  room  rent,  receipts  for  board,  and  receipts  for  increase  of 
plant  and  endowment.  In  a  few  cases,  however,  Column  15  probably  includes  receipts  for  other 
purposes  than  maintenance  (for  example,  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Harvard, 
California,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin).    In  the  case  of  these  institutions,  there- 


1915.] 


HOUSE  — No.  485. 


37 


Appe  ND IX . 


LEGES  AND  OF  STATE  UNIVERSITIES. 


Statistics  of  Massachusetts  Colleges. 

[Based  upon  Statistics  in  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education,  1913. 


Income  Chiefly  for  Maintemance 

OF  Instruct roN  from 

— 

Total. 

Tuition. 

Private 
Endow- 
ment. 

Public 
Endow- 
ment. 

State  or 
City. 

United 
States 
Govern- 
ment. 

Benefac- 
tions. 

All  Other 
Sources. 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

$41,074 

$144,363 

_ 

_ 

_ 

-$18,544 

$203,986 

1 

6,618 

- 

$10,613 

.§256,000 

S63,.333 

- 

.171,314 

410,878 

2 

106,68.8 

110,221 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

216,909 

3 

371,370 

92,684 

-  ■ 

100,000 

16,667 

1,350 

552,926 

1,134,997 

4 

91,492 

73,334 

— 

— 

— 

13,902 

7,538 

186,176 

0 

787,941 

1,278,833 

— 

— 

- 

351,639 

117.584 

2,535,997 

6 

93,390 

40,000 

- 

- 

- 

45,760 

- 

179,1.50 

7 

221,802 

111,895 

- 

- 

- 

975 

13,099 

.352,771 

8 

21,312 

31,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,0S2 

53,394 

9 

113,250 

44,744 

- 

— 

— 

- 

24,893 

182.887 

10 

158,457 

54,207 

— 

— 

— 

33,146 

14,265 

260,075 

11 

246,962 

46,347 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

293,309 

12 

7,745 

60,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

67,745 

13 

1,041 

96,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

97,041 

14 

100,067 

67,787 

— 

- 

— 

43,463 

14,428 

225,745 

15 

35,000 

- 

— 

- 

— 

500 

1,200 

36,700 

16 

73,472 

28,000 

- 

50,000 

— 

- 

- 

151,472 

17 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

.$6,589,232 

fore,  the  item  given  as  "income  per  student"  appears  to  be  somewhat  larger  than  is  actually  the 
case.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  available  statistics  do  not  indicate,  with  a  satisfactory  degree  of 
precision,  either  actual  expenditures  for  maintenance  of  instruction  or  receipts  to  be  devoted 
specifically  thereto. 

2  Bo.ston  College  and  other  degree-granting  institutions  in  Massachusetts  are   not  included, 
because  data  from  them  ware  not  reported  by  the  Bureau  of  Education. 


38 


STATE  UNR^ERSITY. 


[Jan. 


Statistics  of  Massachusetts  Colleges  —  Concluded. 


Name  of  College. 

Value  of 
Equipment. 

14 

Value  of 
Grounds. 

15 

Value  of 

Buildings 

excluding 

Dormitories. 

16 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 

17 

Amherst  College,  ...... 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College, 
Boston  University,         ..... 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology, 
Simmons  College, 

Harvard  University, 

Radcliffe  College, 

Smith  College, 

\^'heaton  College, 

Mount  Holyoke  College,        .... 

Tufts  College,        ...... 

Wellesley  College, 

Clark  College, 

Clark  University, 

Williams  College, 

College  of  the  Holy  Cross,    .... 
Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute,  . 

Total, 

§188,000 
356,490 
168,286 
526,912 
123,461 

52,500 
257,072 

80,000 
121,401 

130,000 
320,000 

-2 

250,000 
122,900 

300,000 

S84,000 
80,792 

1,326,860 
425,413 

3,500,000 

338,000 

273,000 

10,000 

365,317 

_2 

200,000 

72,675 

§780,000 

609,970 

1,155,500 

1,023,471 

503,857 

6,428,366 
270,000 
886,209 
210,000 
957,173 

1,154,970 
1,391,000 

_2 

334,500 
1,322,610 

418,000 
512,800 

- 

- 

- 

Approximate.    See  footnote  p.  36. 


2  Included  under  Clark  University. 


1915.] 


HOUSE  — No.  485. 


39 


Statistics  of  Massachusetts  Colleges  —  Concluded. 


Total. 

Value  of 
Endowment. 

Income 

Chiefly  for 

^Maintenance 

of  Instruction 

per  Student.  ^ 

Value  of 

Investment 

per 

Student. 

Value  of 

Endowment 

per 

Student. 

Tuition 
Fee. 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

Sl,052,000 

82,609,376 

8478 

82,469 

86,125 

8140 

1 

1,047,252 

361,000 

739 

1,883 

649 

- 

2 

1,323,786 

1,195,247 

143 

877 

792 

150 

3 

2,877,243 

2,969,648 

704 

1,786 

1,843 

250 

4 

1,052,731 

1,800,548 

197 

1,115 

1,907 

100 

0 

9,928,366 

27,444,940 

596 

2,334 

6,453 

150 

6 

660,500 

1,000,000 

307 

1,134 

1,718 

200 

7 

1,416,281 

1,512,469 

230 

926 

989 

150 

8 

280,000 

900,000 

237 

124 

4,000 

150 

9 

1,078,574 

1,386,190 

242 

1,428 

1,836 

150 

10 

1,284,970 

2,435,014 

245 

1,214 

2,301 

125 

11 

2,076,317 

1,317,816 

205 

1,458 

925 

175 

12 

-2 

1,500,000 

434 

- 

9,615 

50 

13 

784,500 

2,400,000 

898 

3,388  3 

22,222 

100 

14 

1,518,185 

1,428,833 

433 

2,914 

2,742 

150 

15 

418,000 

— 

65 

741 

_ 

60 

16 

812,800 

593,570 

273 

1,464 

1,069 

150 

17 

827,603,505 

850,854,451 

8392  i 

81,646* 

83,031* 

- 

3  Including  Clark  College. 


*  Average. 


40 


STATE   UNIVERSITY. 


[Jan. 


Statistics  of  State  Universities.  ^ 

[Based  upon  Statistics  in  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education,  1913.] 


Number  of  STL- 

DENTS. 

Number 

. 

Date  of 

of 

Name  of  State  Univeesity. 

Opening. 

Instruc- 
tors. 

Men. 

Women. 

Total 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

,   1 

Alabama 

1831 

79 

581 

71 

652 

2 

Arizona, 

1891 

44 

170 

84 

254 

3 

Arkansas, 

1872 

142 

600 

242 

842 

4 

Caliiornia, 

1869 

527 

3,396 

1,987 

5,383 

5 

Colorado, 

1877 

lis 

785 

426 

1,211 

6 

Florida, 

1884 

31 

314 

_ 

314 

.   7 

Georgia, 

1801 

68 

692 

6 

698 

8 

Idaho,  

1892 

65 

267 

208 

475 

9 

Illinois, 

1868 

538 

3,824 

863 

4,687 

^  10 

Indiana,        ...... 

1824 

280 

1,123 

647 

1,770 

11 

Iowa, 

1855 

179 

1,388 

758 

2,146 

12 

Kansas, 

1866 

179 

1,468 

794 

2,262 

13 

Kentucky, 

1865 

98 

813 

217 

1,030 

14 

Louisiana, 

1860 

84 

649 

112 

761 

15 

Maine, 

1868 

88 

697 

94 

791 

.   16 

Michigan,      .         ... 

1841 

362 

4,250 

849 

5,099 

17 

Minnesota,   .         .         .         .         . 

1869 

449 

3,181 

1,683 

4,864 

18 

Mississippi,  .         .         . 

1848 

30 

372 

35 

407 

•   19 

Missouri, 

1847 

242 

1,846 

698 

2,544 

20 

Montana 

1895 

31 

124 

98 

222 

21 

Nebra'^ka,     ...... 

1871 

251 

2,149 

1,167 

3,316 

22 

Nevada, 

1886 

41 

167 

151 

318 

23 

New  Mexico, 

1891 

18 

52 

47 

99 

24 

North  Carolina 

1795 

59 

807 

3 

810 

-25 

North  Dakota, 

1884 

78 

381 

249 

630 

26 

Ohio, 

1872 

322 

2,614 

794 

3,408 

27 

Oklahoma, 

1892 

98 

543 

342 

885 

28 

Orefron, 

1876 

108 

671 

415 

1,086 

'  29 

>South  Carolina 

1805 

36 

486 

28 

514 

30 

South  Dakota, 

1882 

56 

292 

132 

424 

•31 

Tennessee, 

1794 

164 

840 

116 

956 

32 

Texas, 

1883 

136 

1,626 

740 

2,386 

33 

Utah, 

1850 

73 

548 

467 

1,015 

.  34 

Vermont, 

1800 

103 

461 

98 

559 

>  35 

Virginia, 

1825 

73 

843 

— 

843 

36 

Washin<Tton, 

1861 

154 

1,343 

1,080 

2,423 

37 

West  Virginia, 

1868 

80 

475 

288 

763 

38 

Wisconsin, 

1848 

597 

3,032 

1,205 

4,237 

39 

Wyoming 

Total 

1S67 

45 

96 

13S 

234 

- 

- 

- 

- 

61,298 

See  footnote  p.  36. 


1915.] 


HOUSE  — No.  485. 


41 


Statistics  of  State  Universities. 

[Based  upon  Statistics  in  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education,  1913.] 


Income  for  Maintenance  of  iNSTBacxiON  from  — 

Total. 

• 
Tuition. 

Private 
Endow- 
ment. 

Public 
Endow- 
ment. 

State  of 
City. 

United 

States 
Govern- 
ment. 

Benefac- 
tions. 

All  Other 
Sources. 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

§39,408 

5,788 

7,500 

182,636 

43,238 

S20,840 
520 

149,130 

836,000 

3,480 
91,669 

840,000 

66,680 

90,930 

870,998 

187,681 

$80,000 
66,364 
80,000 

§68,620 

819,548 
7,900 

203,832 
9,958 

8155,796 
160.888 
168,324 

1,646,885 
240,875 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

3,826 

18,619 

920 

169,145 

56,000 

- 

9,665 
25,864 
67,894 
32,464 
43,930 

35,834 

158,000 

52,000 

1,322,400 

264,214 

55,000 
33,333 
80,000 
79,552 

1,500 
9,954 

2,000 

1,261 

2,725 

131,042 

425 

107,136 
245,770 
203,539 
1,736,603 
364,569 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

64,117 
13,372 
3,944 
13,166 
44,579 

4,000 

12,635 
10,100 

8,645 
14,556 

5,915 

493,200 
453,987 
202,120 
125,000 
120,000 

72,750 
58,897 
80,000 

7,081 

70,224 
16,064 
13,429 
44,125 
40,439 

447,257 
493,523 
300,888 
255,744 
294,933 

11 
12 
13 
)4 
15 

380,864 

196,161 

26,000 

54,275 

4.320 

37,361 

600 
350 

38,484 
60,165 
42,000 
82,713 

867,000 

1,036,307 

32,250 

553,834 

100,000 

80,000 

_ 

76,875 

16,437 

207,305 
201,450 

98,365 
200 

1,547,451 

1,574,083 

100,2.50 

866,662 

104,870 

16 

17 
18 
19 
20 

74,357 

3,089 

710 

46,439 

19,530 

6,000 
10,110 

51,115 
6,643 
3,295 

69,561 

491,750 
86,960 
34,675 
93,000 

145,382 

80,000 
80,000 

4,055 

96,161 

4,381 

595 

2,090 

17,713 

793,383 
187,073 
39,275 
156,194 
252,186 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

126,417 

14,338 

8,873 

13,190 

13,553 

15,997 
2,200 

40,855 

44,587 

7,489 

8,909 

511,471 

150,000 

175,000 

71,969 

92,000 

50,000 

597 

50,074 

19,223 
322 

795,411 
203,925 
193,562 
110,382 
114,784 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

35,076 
40,797 
30,532 
53,991 
73,313 

1,577 
171,670 

38,428 
100,291 

24,210 

27,669 
8,130 

72,693 

400,000 

185,915 

26,000 

98,200 

80,000 
80,000 

4,025 

12,707 
13,042 
3,900 
22,329 
11,443 

230,288 
625,509 
248,016 
228,878 
282,247 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

41,281 

18,320 

302,701 

3,798 

1,250 
6,550 
7,317 

28 

6,550 
30,229 
11,730 

391,576 

162,250 

1,001,500 

92,840 

70,000 
80,000 
80,000 

10,745 
1,108 

6,000 

156,913 

5,518 

434,107 

269,670 

1,589,405 

195,022 

36 
37 
38 
39 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

§17,970,363 

42 


STATE  UNIVERSITY. 


[Jan. 


Statistics  of  State  Universities  —  Concluded. 


Name  of  State  University. 

Value  of 
Equipment. 

Value  of 
Grounds. 

Value  of 

Buildings 

excluding 

Dormitories. 

14 

15 

16 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

Alabama 

Arizona, 

Arkansas, 

California 

Colorado 

§175,000 
115,000 
235,000 

2,064,487 
281,600 

$250,000 
33,000 
25,000 

182,000 

8700,000 
170,000 
305,000 

7,738,105 
847,000 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Florida, .       • 

Georgia, 

Idaho, . 

Illinois, 

Indiana, 

36,850 

99,000 

172,770 

1,371,988 

190,000 

170,000 
585,000 

57,775 
345,247 

72,000 

270,000 
465.000 
465,516 
2,178,735 
552,000 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

Iowa, 

Kansas, 

Kentucky, 

Louisiana,      ....... 

Maine 

1,121,003 
166,000 
219,653 
175,000 
167,460 

371,522 
508,324 
258,350 
173,293 
11,000 

1,707,487 

1,142,500 

511,500 

456,220 

425,637 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

Michigan, 

Minnesota, . 

Mississippi,     .         .         .         ... 

Missouri,         ....... 

Montana, 

1,532,585 

1,287,977 

73,800 

812,208 

125,000 

432,890 
2,343,215 

75,000 
543,335 

60,000 

2,707,443 
4,717,500 

304,300 
1,374,800 

170,000 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

Nebraska, 

Nevada, 

New  Mexico, 

North  Carolina, 

North  Dakota 

461,900 
151,780 
45,000 
190,000 
260,400 

524,750 
83,891 
10,000 
90,000 

117,580 

1,240,550 

387,436 

60,000 

403,000 

411,580 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

Ohio, 

Oklahoma, 

Oregon, .         

South  Carolina, 

South  Dakota, 

1,083,150 
136,808 
174,446 
150,000 
175,000 

1,547,500 

116,000 

300,000 

420,000 

50,000 

1,795,837 
274,000 
236,500 
330,000 
325,000 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

Tennessee 

Texas, 

Utah 

Vermont, 

Virginia, 

227,166 

213,600 
222,000 
245,000 
178,077 

527,000 

120,000 

36,500 

75,000 

600,000 

366,700 

1,138,446 

358,900 

867,000 

1,106,319 

36 
37 
38 
39 

Washington, 

West  Virginia, 

Wisconsin,       . 

Wyoming, 

Total, 

474,166 

90,000 

1,137,095 

179,000 

1,060,000 
250,000 

1,935,782 
110,000 

826,334 

625,000 

3,321,749 

262,500 

- 

- 

- 

1  Approximate.    See  footnote,  p.  35. 


1915.] 


HOUSE  —  No.  485. 


43 


Statistics  of  State  Universities  —  Concluded. 


Total. 

Value  of 
Endowment. 

Income 

Chiefly  for 

Maintenance 

of  Instruction 

per  Student.  ^ 

Value  of 

Investment 

per 

Student. 

Value  of 

Endowment^ 

per 

Student. 

Tuition 
Fee. 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

$1,125,000 

$543,933 

$239 

$1,725 

$834 

_ 

1 

318,000 

10,500 

633 

1,252 

41 

"" 

2 

565,000 

130,000 

199 

671 

154 

- 

3 

9,802,592 

5,522,088 

305 

1,821 

1,026 

- 

4 

1,310,600 

— 

198 

1,082 

— 

$15 

5 

476,850 

219,650 

341 

1,518 

699 

» 

6 

1,149,000 

370,202 

352 

1,646 

530 

- 

7 

696,061 

798,005 

428 

1,465 

1,680 

- 

8 

3,895,970 

647,401 

353 

831 

138 

- 

9 

814,000 

744,000 

205 

459 

420 

- 

10 

3,200,012 

256,593 

208 

1,491 

119 

20 

11 

1,816,734 

151,000 

218 

803 

66 

- 

12 

989,503 

184,075 

292 

960 

178 

- 

13 

804,513 

318,313 

335 

1,057 

418 

- 

14 

604,097 

238,300 

372 

763 

301 

60 

15 

4,672,718 

909,709 

303 

916 

178 

_ 

16 

8,048,692 

1,506,136 

323 

1,654 

309 

- 

17 

453,100 

700,000 

246 

1,113 

1,719 

- 

18 

2,730,343 

1,272,839 

340 

1,073 

500 

- 

19 

355,000 

1,000,000 

472 

1,599 

4,504 

— 

20 

2,227,200 

763,441 

205 

671 

829 

— 

21 

623,107 

305,954 

588 

1,959 

962 

- 

22 

115,000 

- 

395 

1,161 

- 

20 

23 

683,000 

206,237 

192 

843 

254 

60 

24 

789,560 

1,707,280 

400 

1,253 

271 

25 

25 

4,426,487 

972,230 

233 

1,299 

291 

_ 

26 

526,808 

- 

236 

595 

- 

— 

27 

710,946 

55,000 

178 

654 

50 

- 

28 

900,000 

- 

218 

1,750 

- 

40 

29 

550,000 

— 

270 

1,297 

— 

12 

30 

1,120,866 

405,000 

240 

1,172 

423 

80 

31 

1,472,046 

2,000,000 

264 

622 

845 

- 

32 

617,400 

- 

244 

608 

- 

- 

33 

1,187,000 

901,311 

411 

2,123 

1,615 

110 

34 

1,884,396 

2,014,744 

334 

2,235 

2,389 

- 

35 

2,360,500 

5,000,000 

179 

974 

2,063 

_ 

36 

965,000 

115,104 

353 

1,264 

150 

37 

6,444,626 

674,764 

375 

1,521 

159 

70 

38 

551,500 

51,007 

833 

2,356 

217 

— 

39 

871,983,227 

$30,694,796 

$2932 

$1,174  2 

$5002 

- 

2  Average. 


t**ir  J  ^  r 


